Usually P0300 is something you need to jump on and fix. But that's when you've been doing normal driving. Getting air at 140+ wouldn't be in the normal parameters for the Fiesta ST. Insufficient fuel delivery, spark plug problems, all kinds of things could have resulted in the misfires that caused the code.
As long as the engine didn't overrev or run lean and burn things, it has probably survived. But if it did overrev, there could have been valve damage, the timing belt could have jumped, a piston burned, etc.